Pop art- greatest realism

At the end of the 50’s of the economic boom, economic boom is when population increases and the style started to develop in England. This style you shall not be afraid of it, everyone can understand it you don’t have to be intelligent to understand the art because it is simple. It was a fresh contemporary style using tins, coka cola bottles and comics as the new art.

Bibliography: 

1998. The Story of Painting (Compact Knowledge). illustrated edition Edition. Konemann.

Dadaism:

It began in 1916 in zurich, a group Cabarnet Voltaire which were a group of artists. They rebelled against cultural values of the war.

They made structure of everyday objects, textual reading, actors, costumes made of everyday objects as well.

These works shocked the public and they didn't like it. Their works seem absurd and had nothing to do with art, they show stupidity and vanity. The art stood out because it was different, it had to do with a lot of chance because sometimes you will not know how your painting is going to come. They used make fun of the things they didn't like or are stupid for them and doesn't make sense.

bibliography:

 1998. The Story of Painting (Compact Knowledge). illustrated edition Edition. Konemann.

Fauvism –form becomes expression

It began in 1905 but broke down after two years. The word Fauves refers to wild animals because of their colour and violence and the unbounded brushworks. Andre Derain, maurie De Vlamnick, Racul Dufy, Kees Van Dongen and Matisse from impressionism and post impressionism, they were interested in communication and their colour for them was means of communication- expression.

 Matisse green line

harmony in red by Henri Matisse 

                                          

Bibliography: 

1998. The Story of Painting (Compact Knowledge). illustrated edition Edition. Konemann.

symbolism

From the 1880 to the 1900

In the late 1880’s an accusation occurred of visual arts and the art of nature. In this time the spiritual nature was going away and the art of expressionism stopped. Symbolism was influenced by realism and the pre-raphealits. Symbolism never developed into a fine style and it was difficult to find a definition of what it means exactly.

Characteristics of symbolism:

Subjectivism painting, gave a solid form to show their feelings, state of minds, subjective fears, fantasy and dreams.

Reacting to the radical changes of the 19^th century

Individuality

Symbolism was produced from the beginning of the 20 the century.

In 1620 James Ensor and Edvard Munch were painting with a symbolic character – language, figurative to mystical, religious and physcholigical, these they used to show them by using brilliant colours.

In the paintings of Munch there is always these themes fear, despair, tormenting, sexuality, jealousy and morbidity. He showed these emotions in his paintings because he wanted to free himself from the daemons.

The scream was to express his experience when walking with a friend. In the 20^th century the scream became the symbol in literature and art .

  

the Scream 

Bibliography:

1998. The Story of Painting (Compact Knowledge). illustrated edition Edition. Konemann.

Bauhaus, De Stijl and Russian constructivism – abstract art for a better world

 From 1913 to 1930

Abstract art:

It was influenced by everyday life. The First World War was shocking to the artists of this time and that is why it was influenced by everyday life. This art was to show your emotions and not return to the realistic and taking over abstraction. Piet Mondrian began abstract art by making a painting which is nothing that you see and compare to the world.  Art will show life but will show peace and balance.

 Abstraction now became to move into the style of architecture and this was called functionalism.  It was called functionalism because now they started to add a function to the artwork which had no meaning at all.

In 1917, In Holland, Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian had made a journal called the De Stijl. This journal gave a chance to every artist, poets, sculptures and architects to show their work in this journal.

In 1919, the German Bauhaus artists began to re-unite art and crafts together.

The actual place of constructivism was in Russia. The style constructivism showed emotions and their painting only followed by triangles, perfect rectangles, straight lines meeting somewhere and colours put randomly. This now became Dutch constructivism. Piet Mondrian painted a lot of similar paintings with rectangles, squares and straight lines but he managed to make something different in every single one and show the character.

De Stijl: the journal

 In the 20’s De Stijl had an influence on the school Bauhaus, they were influenced by the expressionists and the work of the Bauhaus students became more geometrical and more technical.  Kandinsky fell in love with the painting of Malevich el Lissitzky which was showing the Avant garde.

In 1917 after the October revolution the young Soviet Union gave the chance for artists to take part in the shaping of society. From the art which is technical and aesthetic they started to construct work from engineers.  Here another art began to be invented poster design, fabric and fashion design, typography, photography, interior design and architectural design.  They wanted to chance from the traditions of the visual art and many architectural projects were being made.

Composition in red yellow and blue Piet Mondrian 1922

 

El Lissitzky Malevich Avant Garde

Bibliography:

1998. The Story of Painting (Compact Knowledge). illustrated edition Edition. Konemann.

Carnival in Quebec Canada

In Canada it is not a normal carnival instead of making floats they make sculptors and rides with ice.

 They make an amusement park with skiing, snow rafting and ice sculptors.

 The carnival is held from the 1^st of February to the 17^th before Ash Wednesday. The first organization of the carnival was in 1894 with the first ice castle. Since the year 1955 the carnival wasn't interrupted and it ran half a century.  The first castle even had a dungeon in it.

It is an unusual carnival and I wish to go there someday. It is a winter carnival.

 

Ice palace during the carnival

 Ice sculptors

Bibliography:

Quebec Winter Carnival - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2013. Quebec Winter Carnival - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Winter_Carnival. [Accessed 20 May 2013].

Maltese carnival:

The carnival of the Maltese islands takes place during the week of Ash Wednesday.

It has been celebrated since the 15^th century but began to show in the 1535, five years after the arrival of St John. It started in the village called Birgu were knights played games and showed their talents in tournaments and pageants. The Grand  master complained because that they were exaggerating their fun, after this he made it clear that he is not going to tolerate it  so he cut off and changed some activities which were tournaments and military exercise for the war. In 1560 he allowed the wearing of masks in the streets and let them to celebrate on boats and decorate the ships.

In 1639 Grand master Giovanni Paolo prohibited woman to take part in any events and cannot wear masks.  Wearing a costume devil was prohibited because you are representing the devil. Some of the man even dressed as Jesuit (a community of the church) to make fun of him because of the rules he made .  The community demanded to Lascaris to expel Jesuit from Malta and Lascaris did. By this there were a lot of arguments and children were trampled to death.

How carnival works today:

Nowadays the carnival is held in Valletta and it is quite large. In Nadur the carnival is darker and more showing of the body and dressing of ghosts, political and a lot of characters. In Ghaxaq it has more old fashioned costumes.

The traditions:

The parata dance is a re- enactment of the 1565, the victory of the knights over the Torks.

There sweets which are called perlini

There prinjolota which a cake made in a pyramid rounded shape which cherries and peanuts on top.

Bibliography: 

Maltese Carnival - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2013. Maltese Carnival - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_Carnival. [Accessed 20 May 2013].

Carnival in Spain Tenerife

It is celebrated in the late February, the week leading up to lent, it lasts for their weeks and it is a time for partying.

Tenerife is the city of Santa Cruz. In their carnival they emphasis on beauty pageants and a lot of contests are held. One of the most popular things in the carnival of Tenerife is the crowning of the queen. It is the second best in the country because it is beaten by Rio de Janeiro. In the time of the carnival the businesses, shops and offices are closed early so they can prepare for the carnival. Wearing a costume to this event is a tradition.

Most popular events:

The gala Reinar is a gala which they select a queen which has the most amazing costume made with feathers, beads and satin. In this event everybody can compete, there is a contest for every age group. Another event is called the Drag queen of the carnival costumes as well. When the competitions are finished there is a parade called the cabalgata, it is a grand parade,the reason for this grand parade is to applaud the winners of the competitions and dance around them. To close the carnival there is an event called the burial of the sardine, this is when a fish is made out of a thirty foot paper is taken to the streets of Santa Cruz and male widows with miniskirts and fish nets with fish inside dancing around it. The reason for this event is because sardines are forbidden to be cached at that time.

  

Dressed as clowns                             the grand parade.

Bibliography:

Carnival in Tenerife | Carnaval de Tenerife. 2013. Carnival in Tenerife | Carnaval de Tenerife. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.spanish-fiestas.com/festivals/carnival-tenerife/. [Accessed 20 May 2013].

carnival in Netherlands

The carnival in Netherlands is celebrated in every spring before Ash Wednesday.

The rituals of the carnival:

 The Carnival committee sees that nobody is sad and not is series. They hold parades with floats and paper figures on them. There are bands who sing oompah music and everybody dances the canga in the streets.

From where is started?

It dates back from the Second World War. At first the carnival was a good excuse to eat and drink. The name carnival is connected to the word meat because carne which means meat. In the seventeenth century the carnival faded because it got influenced from the north. After the Second World War they continued the tradition, they elected their own carnival prince. In the sixties it spread all over the provinces (foreign).

carnival in Netherlands.

Bibliography

Celebrate Carnival in Holland - article - Holland.com. 2013. Celebrate Carnival in Holland - article - Holland.com. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.holland.com/uk/tourism/article/celebrate-carnival-in-holland.htm. [Accessed 20 May 2013].

Art Nuevo

What is art nuevo?

It was a style in which it transferred the art of modernization in visual arts. The movement began from 1870 until the 1900, in Europe and North America it was shown in a way of fantasy which connects to the urban revolution by this means questions were asked to the people themselves who are they and what they could be. This style didn’t last long. It passed from the European and North America. The inspiration of this style came from the manufactures which means the design on the objects, public institutions again the design on the buildings and Architectures, publishing houses, individual arts, who they are and who they want to be. The goal of this style was to transform the visual culture into a modern as the style into Art Nouveau, by this means it was said to be the style of all the movements. In 1893 to 1915 the works of Art Nouveau were showing strongly in London, Brussels and Paris. Artists were inspired by this and were trying to make the same and explore this style. This style was mostly shown on selling objects.

In this style four important creative movements happened:

The first one was in London in March 1883, a new issue of Journal which was called the studio. The author was a young illustrator called Aubrey Beardsley. It was the first time that he published his work to the world and he caught eyes of many people from the North America and Europe.

The name art Nuevo means the wild which was the first image of art Nuevo.

Second movement:

In 1883 which took place in Brussels. They started to invent and make terrace houses in st Gilles city, this is when architecture was starting to show.      

The third creative movement:

In Brussels henry van de valve published a book which was called a clean sweep for art. In this book the information of himself was put inside it of two years. In this book he spoke about the new generation of artists and art, this book was written in a romantic style. It had many articles of art to show the idea to create everything interior which relates to other objects and to create an environment of an interior to be complete.  They began to create textile furniture, wallpaper and lightning.  

This is how the movement in December was moving and changing in the same time. in December 1859 in Paris they opened a new gallery in providence, it was named l’ art Nuevo art which was promoted and sold here.

In 1895 the style was moved to all over Europe.

1895 to 1900 the style became an essential of the life of the community.                      


Bibliogrophy:     

Paul Greenhalgh, 2000. Essential Art Nouveau. First edition & printing Edition. V&a Publications.

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Carnival in Venice:

Some history of the carnival in Venice:

In Venice the carnival starts at the beginning of the lent and ends to the last day of lent, the day before Ash Wednesday.  The reason that they started the carnival was their victory of the Republic Della surenmissima in 1162. They honoured this victory by meeting up in the San Marco square to dance. In the 1339 a law came out that they couldn't wear masks when visiting nuns and couldn't wear vulgar clothes and they couldn't paint their faces or wear wigs. At the end of the republic the masks were forbidden. In 1797 the government of Austria banned the festivals and the masks they would wear.

It was Revived in 1979 by the Italian government and was told to go back to their carnival traditions. The Venetian college students redeveloped the masks and by this they began to be more and more famous.  

The masks could be worn at any time of the year and there are different masks for different people and that could show their emotions.  When the masks started they used to be made with porcelain or with glass techniques, but nowadays they are made by applying the gesso and gold leaf, the gesso is gypsum.   When they first started the carnival, there is little evidence that they used to wear masks.

Types of masks:

Bauta:  the colour is a simple stark white. The mask covers the entire face, it has an over prominent nose , a projecting chin- line , no mouth, the beak is like a chin enable to talk, with the mask they usually wear a red or black cape and a tricorn which a hat.

It has to be worn when making a political decision. It is usually worn by men and they painted woman wearing it.

 

Columbia:  it is a half mask; it covers the user’s eyes, nose and upper cheeks, decorated with gold, silver, crystals and feathers. The name of the mask is called for an actress which they designed the mask for her because she didn't want her face covered completely.

In this time woman and men wear this.

Medica della peste/ the plague doctor.

 This mask didn't start as a carnival mask, it was used to prevent the user to get the disease and not spread the disease if they had it. It has a long beak; it is white, round eyeholes and covered with crystal.

 

Mute dark one lady:  it is a small strapless black velvet mask cut eyeholes and no lips. It was invented in France and got popular in Venice from the 1751 – 1760.

Volto which means face

 It has a stark white colour, gilded and decorative tricon and a cloak and it covers the entire face.

Pantalone: he who wears the pants or father figure.

It shows a sad old man with an over sized nose and it is half a mask.

Arlecchino: it is a character of comedy.

It is a wooden half mask painted black, a short blunt, ape like nose and round big eyebrows.

zanni: theatrical character.

It is a half mask in leather, bulging eyebrow, long nose with a reverse curve towards the end of stupidity.

Mask makers: 10^th April 1436

How they created them, they drew their faces into their plaster and played with shape and they paid attention to detail.

Today the masks are the most famous from the theme carnivals around Europe. They have a lot of nice costumes as well but it is best known for the masks.

  Bibliography: 

bauta mask - Fittex bil-Google. 2013. bauta mask - Fittex bil-Google. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.google.com.mt/search?q=bauta+mask&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=XveTUdzIArKO7Qa1-4G4Ag&sqi=2&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=635#tbm=isch&sa=1&q=bauta+mask&oq=bauta+mask&gs_l=img.3..0l2j0i5l2j0i24l3.31837.37413.26.37748.10.10.0.0.0.0.299.1842.2j3j5.10.0...0.0...1c.1.12.img.v3jqxWyIo3M&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&fp=41975a2b75470549&biw=1366&bih=635. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

Carnival of Venice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2013. Carnival of Venice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnival_of_Venice. [Accessed 15 May 2013]. 

carnivals and fair grounds: general knowledge

It is a festival season which began before lent usually during the month of February. They used to dress up to change their daily life.  During lent there was no parties and they used to fast for  six weeks and the people didn’t eat foods which were expensive like meat, dairy products, fats and sugars. Before the lent any rich foods and drinks had to be put away as an act to god because he had spent forty days in the cold and no food. The food that was put away and they would use it for this giant party called the carnival

The first carnival and masquerade balls were took in medieval Italy, than spread to Spain, Portugal, France and Rhineland Germany and New France and North America. From Spain they moved to the Caribbean and Latin America, the first worldwide carnival took place in cologne Germany in 1823.

carnival in Rome. circa 1650 

Some carnival traditions came from the pre- Christian times. The Italian took the idea from the ancient Roman festivals of saturnalia and bacchanalia. The saturnalia is the temple of Saturn in the Roman forum. Medieval pageants were happening from the Greek and ancient festivals. There was also the corpus Christ which means the Latin rite celebrating the belief in the body and the blood of Jesus Christ and by this the carnivals where a manifesto of a medieval folk culture. The costumes are based on the pre Christian rituals of the rites involving the masked figures in that time.

The West Indian people went to the United Kingdom with the traditions of the Caribbean celebrations however in these countries Notting hill, London, Leeds, Yorkshire and other places they became alone and individual events and are not connected to the religious cycle because they take place in summer months.

Bibliogrophy: 

Carnival - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2013. Carnival - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnival. [Accessed 15 May 2013].